Biochemistry Blood Panel
The biochemistry blood panel evaluates organ function and metabolism. Unlike a CBC, it measures concentrations of chemical substances — enzymes, electrolytes, proteins, and lipids — in plasma or serum.
Disclaimer. Result interpretation requires a healthcare provider, considering symptoms and related tests.
Liver Function
Hepatic enzymes and bilirubin reflect hepatocyte and biliary tract status:
- ALT — marker of liver cell damage
- AST — enzyme elevated in liver and cardiac muscle injury
- Total Bilirubin — hemoglobin breakdown product
- Direct Bilirubin — conjugated fraction, marker of cholestasis
- GGT — sensitive marker of cholestasis and alcohol load
- Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) — enzyme from bone and liver
Kidney Function
Markers of glomerular filtration and renal excretion:
- Creatinine — primary kidney function marker
- Urea — protein metabolism product excreted by kidneys
- Uric Acid — associated with gout and metabolic syndrome
Lipid Panel
Cardiovascular risk assessment:
- Total Cholesterol
- LDL Cholesterol — "bad" cholesterol
- HDL Cholesterol — "good" cholesterol
- Triglycerides
Electrolytes
Minerals regulating fluid balance and nerve/muscle function:
Proteins
- Albumin — main plasma protein, marker of liver synthesis and nutritional status
- Total Protein — combined concentration of all serum proteins
When to Get Tested
- Annual preventive check-up
- Monitoring diabetes, hypertension, obesity
- Follow-up while taking hepatotoxic or nephrotoxic medications
- Evaluation of jaundice, edema, right upper quadrant pain
- Cardiovascular risk assessment
Preparation
Have blood drawn fasting (8–12 hours). Limit fatty foods and alcohol for 24 hours — they affect lipids and liver enzymes. Tell your doctor about all medications.
See also: Complete Blood Count · Hormone Panel · Biomarker Catalog